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Background Information:
Doxorubicin hyrdrochloride is an anthracycline antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. Doxorubicin, isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius, is the hydroxylated congener of daunorubicin. Doxorubicin intercalates between base pairs in the DNA helix, thereby preventing DNA replication and ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis. Additionally, doxorubicin inhibits topoisomerase II which results in an increased and stabilized cleavable enzyme-DNA linked complex during DNA replication and subsequently prevents the ligation of the nucleotide strand after double-strand breakage. Doxorubicin also forms oxygen free radicals resulting in cytotoxicity secondary to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids; the formation of oxygen free radicals also contributes to the toxicity of the anthracycline antibiotics, namely the cardiac and cutaneous vascular effects.
Reference:
1. Liu YY, Gupta V, Patwardhan GA, Bhinge K, Zhao Y, Bao J, Mehendale H, Cabot MC, Li YT, Jazwinski SM. Glucosylceramide synthase upregulates MDR1 expression in the regulation of cancer drug resistance through cSrc and beta-catenin signaling. Mol Cancer. 2010 Jun 11;9(1):145. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20540746.
2. Zaremba T, Thomas H, Cole M, Plummer ER, Curtin NJ. Doxorubicin-induced suppression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activity and expression and its implication for PARP inhibitors in clinical trials. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010 May 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20490796.
3. Angelini A, Di Ilio C, Castellani ML, Conti P, Cuccurullo F. Modulation of multidrug resistance p-glycoprotein activity by flavonoids and honokiol in human doxorubicin- resistant sarcoma cells (MES-SA/DX-5): implications for natural sedatives as chemosensitizing agents in cancer therapy. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2010 Apr-Jun;24(2):197-205. PubMed PMID: 20487633.
APIM050318: DOXORUBICIN
CAS No.: 23214-92-8.
Molecular Formula: C27H29NO11 ? HCl ? 0.5 x H2O.
Molecular Weight: 589.
Purity: 99% (HPLC).
QC: HPLC, 1HNMR, Quantitative Elemental Analysis.
Solubility: Soluble in water.
Storage: Store at 0°C (short term), -20°C (long term), desiccated.
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