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Cytokines

Cytokines, small proteins (about 5-20 kDa), are very important in human health and disease, specifically in host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer, and reproduction. Similar to hormones, cytokines are important in cell signaling: released by certain types of cells, they affect the behavior of other cells and sometimes the releasing cell […]

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Heparinases and their heparin-related applications

Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan with the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule, is located in the extracellular matrix and plays important physiological roles in anticoagulation and angiogenesis. The acidic polysaccharide of heparin consists of a heterogeneous disaccharide repeating unit of hexosamine and uronic acid (L-iduronic or D-glucuronic acid) connected through 1-4 […]

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Buffer recipe for plasmid miniprep using spin columns

The cheapest but easy and effective way to get a plasmid miniprep kit is to buy spin columns for plasmid miniprep alone and make solutions with the following buffer recipe: Buffer P1: 50 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM EDTA, pH 8.0 (25°C, the same below), 50 ug/ml RNase A Buffer P2: 0.2 M NaOH, 1% SDS […]

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4 mainstream genome editing tools

The mainstream genome editing tools include clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CAS9 RNA-guided nucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and helper dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAdVs). The process and protocols of mainstream genome editing methods from literatures: 1). the CRISPR-Cas9 system: – Genome engineering of mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells using […]

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Hybridoma antibody cloning and sequencing protocols

The general hybridoma antibody cloning protocol and antibody sequencing protocol seem very straightforward: RNA extraction, reverse transcription to cDNA, nested PCR amplifications, cloning of PCR products, sequencing, and analysis of sequences. However, it has taken scientists a long time to optimize a variety of parameters in the protocols, especially V-gene specific primers and antibody sequence […]

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Single B cell antibody cloning and sequencing protocols

Similar to process of hybridoma or clonal B cell antibody cloning and sequencing, the work flow of single B cell antibody cloning and sequencing is: separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from blood, staining of PBMC with the B cell selective marker (CD19 antibody), sorting of stained B cells by flow cytometry, total RNA […]

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High-throughput antibody repertoire sequencing protocols

Two mainstream strategies have been used to sequence antibody repertoires. The classical strategy is to design primers to cover as many functional V-genes as possible and create a diverse antibody libraries. The modern strategy is to use high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) to “deeply” sequencing of binding populations. The abundance of antibody mRNA can also […]

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scFv phage library construction and screening protocols

The key for successful scFv phage library construction is efficient two-step PCR amplification of heavy chain (VH) and ligh chain (VL) variable regions. scFv phage library construction and scFv phage library screening protocols from public literatures: – Efficient amplification of light and heavy chain variable regions and construction of a non-immune phage scFv library. scFv […]

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Antibody Humanization Protocols

Antibody Humanization Protocols:   The technique of antibody humanization is attractive but challenging for most scientists in academia and industry. Experienced scientists at Syd Labs provide antibody humanization service if the project is difficult for you.   Disclaimer: We index the protocols for your information only. It does not necessarily mean that we agree with […]

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Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Development Protocols

Mouse monoclonal antibody development protocols: The procedure of mouse monoclonal antibody development sounds very straightforward. However, many factors affects the efficiency and success rate. Experienced scientists at Syd Labs provides cost competitive and reliable ELISA guaranteed mouse monoclonal antibody development services if you have no resource to make it.   Disclaimer: We index the protocols […]

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